Mechanical quality factor of a sapphire fiber at cryogenic temperatures

A mechanical quality factor of $1.1 \times 10^{7}$ was obtained for the 199 Hz bending vibrational mode in a monocrystalline sapphire fiber at 6 K. Consequently, we confirm that pendulum thermal noise of cryogenic mirrors used for gravitational wave detectors can be reduced by the sapphire fiber suspension.Comment: To be published to Physiscs Letters A. Number of pages: 10 Number of figures: 5 Number of tables:

Probing the Cosmic X-ray and MeV Gamma-ray Background Radiation through the Anisotropy

While the cosmic soft X-ray background is very likely to originate from individual Seyfert galaxies, the origin of the cosmic hard X-ray and MeV gamma-ray background is not fully understood. It is expected that Seyferts including Compton thick population may explain the cosmic hard X-ray background. At MeV energy range, Seyferts having non-thermal electrons in coronae above accretion disks or MeV blazars may explain the background radiation. We propose that future measurements of the angular power spectra of anisotropy of the cosmic X-ray and MeV gamma-ray backgrounds will be key to deciphering these backgrounds and the evolution of active galactic nuclei (AGNs). As AGNs trace the cosmic large-scale structure, spatial clustering of AGNs exists. We show that e-ROSITA will clearly detect the correlation signal of unresolved Seyferts at 0.5-2 keV and 2-10 keV bands and will be able to measure the bias parameter of AGNs at both bands. Once the future hard X-ray all sky satellites achieve the sensitivity better than 10^{-12} erg/cm^2/s at 10-30 keV or 30-50 keV - although this is beyond the sensitivities of current hard X-ray all sky monitors - angular power spectra will allow us to independently investigate the fraction of Compton-thick AGNs in all Seyferts. We also find that the expected angular power spectra of Seyferts and blazars in the MeV range are different by about an order of magnitude, where the Poisson term, so-called shot noise, is dominant. Current and future MeV instruments will clearly disentangle the origin of the MeV gamma-ray background through the angular power spectrum.Comment: 14 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in Ap

Force measurements of a superconducting-film actuator for a cryogenic interferometric gravitational-wave detector

We measured forces applied by an actuator with a YBCO film at near 77 K for the Large-scale Cryogenic Gravitational-wave Telescope (LCGT) project. An actuator consisting of both a YBCO film of 1.6 micrometers thickness and 0.81 square centimeters area and a solenoid coil exerted a force of up to 0.2 mN on a test mass. The presented actuator system can be used to displace the mirror of LCGT for fringe lock of the interferometer.Comment: 9 pages, 3 figure

Crystals for Demazure Modules of Classical Affine Lie Algebras

We study, in the path realization, crystals for Demazure modules of affine Lie algebras of types $A^{(1)}_n,B^{(1)}_n,C^{(1)}_n,D^{(1)}_n, A^{(2)}_{2n-1},A^{(2)}_{2n}, and D^{(2)}_{n+1}$. We find a special sequence of affine Weyl group elements for the selected perfect crystal, and show if the highest weight is l\La_0, the Demazure crystal has a remarkably simple structure.Comment: Latex, 28 page

Nongassing NiCd battery cell

Method of constructing nickel cadmium batteries prevents excessive gas buildup and allows hermetic sealing of battery for increased service life and reduced maintenance cost

Dynamic analysis of parallel-link manipulators under the singularity-consistent formulation

科研費報告書収録論文(課題番号:08555062・基盤研究(A)(2)・H8～H10/研究代表者:内山, 勝/6自由度超高速パラレルロボットの試作研究

Constraints on cosmic-ray efficiency in the supernova remnant RCW 86 using multi-wavelength observations

Several young supernova remnants (SNRs) have recently been detected in the high-energy and very-high-energy gamma-ray domains. As exemplified by RX J1713.7-3946, the nature of this emission has been hotly debated, and direct evidence for the efficient acceleration of cosmic-ray protons at the SNR shocks still remains elusive. We analyzed more than 40 months of data acquired by the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on-board the Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope in the HE domain, and gathered all of the relevant multi-wavelength (from radio to VHE gamma-rays) information about the broadband nonthermal emission from RCW 86. For this purpose, we re-analyzed the archival X-ray data from the ASCA/Gas Imaging Spectrometer (GIS), the XMM-Newton/EPIC-MOS, and the RXTE/Proportional Counter Array (PCA). Beyond the expected Galactic diffuse background, no significant gamma-ray emission in the direction of RCW 86 is detected in any of the 0.1-1, 1-10 and 10-100 GeV Fermi-LAT maps. In the hadronic scenario, the derived HE upper limits together with the HESS measurements in the VHE domain can only be accommodated by a spectral index Gamma <= 1.8, i.e. a value in-between the standard (test-particle) index and the asymptotic limit of theoretical particle spectra in the case of strongly modified shocks. The interpretation of the gamma-ray emission by inverse Compton scattering of high energy electrons reproduces the multi-wavelength data using a reasonable value for the average magnetic field of 15-25 muG. For these two scenarios, we assessed the level of acceleration efficiency. We discuss these results in the light of existing estimates of the magnetic field strength, the effective density and the acceleration efficiency in RCW 86.Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A; 10 pages and 4 figure

The Timing Counter of the MEG experiment: calibration and performance

The MEG detector is designed to test Lepton Flavor Violation in the $\mu^+\rightarrow e^+\gamma$ decay down to a Branching Ratio of a few $10^{-13}$. The decay topology consists in the coincident emission of a monochromatic photon in direction opposite to a monochromatic positron. A precise measurement of the relative time $t_{e^+\gamma}$ is crucial to suppress the background. The Timing Counter (TC) is designed to precisely measure the time of arrival of the $e^+$ and to provide information to the trigger system. It consists of two sectors up and down stream the decay target, each consisting of two layers. The outer one made of scintillating bars and the inner one of scintillating fibers. Their design criteria and performances are described.Comment: Presented at the 12th Topical Seminar on Innovative Particle and Radiation Detectors (IPRD10) 7 - 10 June 2010, Siena. Accepted by Nuclear Physics B (Proceedings Supplements) (2011)tal

Design and test of an extremely high resolution Timing Counter for the MEG II experiment: preliminary results

The design and tests of Timing Counter elements for the upgrade of the MEG experiment, MEG II,is presented. The detector is based on several small plates of scintillator with a Silicon PhotoMultipliers dual-side readout. The optimisation of the single counter elements (SiPMs, scintillators, geometry) is described. Moreover, the results obtained with a first prototype tested at the Beam Test Facility (BTF) of the INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati (LNF) are presented.Comment: 10 pages, 7 figures. Presented at the 13th Topical Seminar on Innovative Particle and Radiation Detectors (IPRD13) 7-10 October 2013 Siena, Ital